Secure Digital - Wikipedia. Secure Digital (SD) is a non- volatilememory card format developed by the SD Card Association (SDA) for use in portable devices. The standard was introduced in August 1. San. Disk, Panasonic (Matsushita Electric) and Toshiba as an improvement over Multi. Media. Cards (MMC). The three companies formed SD- 3. No one can stop you. You’re in a Plymouth Laser now. There’s a second use for Freedom, a simple app that lets you block distracting sites like Twitter for a few minutes, hours, or days. As the app’s blog points out. In today’s political climate, there’s a good chance you’re looking for less government-themed news, not more. However, if you’re looking for information. ![]() I decided to create a singleton wrapper for PDO that ensures only one instance is ever used. It uses PHP 5.3.0's ![]()
C, LLC, a company that licenses and enforces intellectual property rights associated with SD memory cards and SD host and ancillary products. The SDA uses several trademarkedlogos owned and licensed by SD- 3. C to enforce compliance with its specifications and assure users of compatibility. The four families are the original Standard- Capacity (SDSC), the High- Capacity (SDHC), the e. Xtended- Capacity (SDXC), and the SDIO, which combines input/output functions with data storage. Electrically passive adapters allow a smaller card to fit and function in a device built for a larger card. The SD card's small footprint is an ideal storage medium for smaller, thinner and more portable electronic devices. SD (SDSC). Secure Digital changed the MMC design in several ways: Asymmetrical shape of the sides of the SD card prevent inserting it upside down (while an MMC goes in most of the way but makes no contact if inverted). Most SD cards are 2. MMCs. The SD specification defines a card called Thin SD with a thickness of 1. SDA went on to define even smaller form factors. The card's electrical contacts are recessed beneath the surface of the card, protecting them from contact with a user's fingers. The SD specification envisioned capacities and transfer rates exceeding those of MMC, and both of these functionalities have grown over time. For a comparison table, see below. While MMC uses a single pin for data transfers, the SD card added a four- wire bus mode for higher data rates. The SD card added Content Protection for Recordable Media (CPRM) security circuitry for digital rights management (DRM) content- protection. Addition of a write- protect notch. Full- size SD cards do not fit into the slimmer MMC slots, and other issues also affect the ability to use one format in a host device designed for the other. The Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC) format, announced in January 2. SD specification, supports cards with capacities up to 3. GB. The major compatibility issues between SDHC and SDSC cards are the redefinition of the Card- Specific Data (CSD) register in version 2. SDHC cards are shipped preformatted with the FAT3. Version 2. 0 also introduces a High- speed bus mode for both SDSC and SDHC cards, which doubles the original Standard Speed clock to produce 2. MB/s. SDXC adopts Microsoft's ex. FAT file system as a mandatory feature. Therefore, ex. FAT- formatted SDXC cards are not a universally readable exchange medium. Windows Vista (SP1) and later. Consequently, they may not accept SDXC cards reformatted as FAT3. FAT3. 2 on smaller cards (for SDHC compatibility). Therefore, even if a file system is supported in general, it is not always possible to use alternative file systems on SDXC cards at all depending on how strictly the SDXC card specification has been implemented in the host device. This bears a risk of accidental loss of data, as a host device may treat a card with an unrecognized file system as blank or damaged and reformat the card. The SD Association provides a formatting utility for Windows and Mac OS X that checks and formats SD, SDHC, and SDXC cards. UHS- I cards declared as UHS1. SDR1. 04) also support a clock frequency of 2. MHz, which could transfer 1. MB/s. Double data rate operation at 5. MHz (DDR5. 0) is also specified in Version 3. SDHC and micro. SDXC cards labeled as UHS- I. In this mode, four bits are transferred when the clock signal rises and another four bits when it falls, transferring an entire byte on each full clock cycle, hence a 5. MB/s operation could be transferred using a 5. MHz clock. UHS- IISpecified in version 4. MB/s (full duplex) or 3. MB/s (half duplex) using an additional row of pins. FD3. 12 provides 3. MB/s while FD6. 24 doubles that. Both are full- duplex. The physical interface and pin- layout are the same as with UHS- II, retaining backward compatibility. Use of UHS- I requires that the host device command the card to drop from 3. I/O interface pins and select the four- bit transfer mode, while UHS- II requires 0. The higher speed rates are achieved by using a two- lane low voltage (0. V pp) differential interface. Each lane is capable of transferring up to 1. MB/s. In full duplex mode, one lane is used for Transmit while the other is used for Receive. In half duplex mode both lanes are used for the same direction of data transfer allowing a double data rate at the same clock speed. In addition to enabling higher data rates, the UHS- II interface allows for lower interface power consumption, lower I/O voltage and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI). SD card speed is customarily rated by its sequential read or write speed. The sequential performance aspect is the most relevant for storing and retrieving large files (relative to block sizes internal to the flash memory), such as images and multimedia. Small data (such as file names, sizes and timestamps) falls under the much lower speed limit of random access, which can be the limiting factor in some use cases. This was superseded by the Speed Class Rating, which guarantees a minimum rate at which data can be written to the card. Whatever the bus rate, the card can signal to the host that it is . Compliance with a higher speed rating is a guarantee that the card limits its use of the . Both read and write speeds must exceed the specified value. The specification defines these classes in terms of performance curves that translate into the following minimum read- write performance levels on an empty card and suitability for different applications. Class 1. 0 asserts that the card supports 1. MB/s as a minimum non- fragmented sequential write speed and uses a High Speed bus mode. The graphical symbol for the speed class has a number encircled with 'C' (C2, C4, C6, and C1. UHS- I and UHS- II cards can use UHS Speed Class rating with two possible grades: class 1 for minimum read/write performance of at least 1. MB/s ('U1' symbol featuring number 1 inside 'U') and class 3 for minimum write performance of 3. MB/s ('U3' symbol featuring 3 inside 'U'), targeted at recording 4. K video. Manufacturers can also display standard speed class symbols (C2, C4, C6, and C1. UHS speed class. Video Speed Class defines a set of requirements for UHS cards to match the modern MLC NAND flash memory. The combination lets the user record HD resolution videos with tapeless camcorders while performing other functions. It is also suitable for real- time broadcasts and capturing large HD videos. The most important advice. Applications that require a specific speed class usually specify this in their user manuals. Basic cards transfer data at up to six times (6. The 2. 0 specification. Manufacturers may report best- case speeds and may report the card's fastest read speed, which is typically faster than the write speed. Some vendors, including Transcend and Kingston report their cards' write speed. For example, a high- definition camcorder may require a card of not less than Class 6, suffering dropouts or corrupted video if a slower card is used. Digital cameras with slow cards may take a noticeable time after taking a photograph before being ready for the next, while the camera writes the first picture. The speed class rating does not totally characterize card performance. Different cards of the same class may vary considerably while meeting class specifications. A card's speed depends on many factors, including: The frequency of soft errors that the card's controller must re- try. Write amplification: The flash controller may need to overwrite more data than requested. This has to do with performing read- modify- write operations on write blocks, freeing up (the much larger) erase blocks, while moving data around to achieve wear leveling. File fragmentation: where there is not sufficient space for a file to be recorded in a contiguous region, it is split into non- contiguous fragments. This does not cause rotational or head- movement delays as with electromechanical hard drives, but may decrease speed; for instance, by requiring additional reads and computation to determine where on the card the file's next fragment is stored. In addition, speed may vary markedly between writing a large amount of data to a single file (sequential access, as when a digital camera records large photographs or videos) and writing a large number of small files (a random- access use common in smartphones). A study in 2. 01. Class 2 cards achieved a write speed of 1. MB/s, while all cards tested of Class 6 or greater (and some of lower Classes; lower Class does not necessarily mean better small- file performance), including those from major manufacturers, were over 1. There are both reversible and irreversible host commands that achieve this. Write- protect notch. The mini. SD and micro. SD formats do not support a write protection notch. When looking at the SD card from the top, the right side (the side with the beveled corner) must be notched. On the left side, there may be a write- protection notch. If the notch is omitted, the card can be read and written. If the card is notched, it is read- only. If the card has a notch and a sliding tab which covers the notch, the user can slide the tab upward (toward the contacts) to declare the card read/write, or downward to declare it read- only. The diagram to the right shows an orange sliding write- protect tab in both the unlocked and locked positions. The presence of a notch, and the presence and position of a tab, have no effect on the SD card's operation. A host device that supports write protection should refuse to write to an SD card that is designated read- only in this way. Some host devices do not support write protection, which is an optional feature of the SD specification. Open Source: NTFS- 3. G - Tuxera. This section documents and answers the most common questions about the NTFS- 3. G driver. Please see the driver release history and make sure you have the latest one. Most Popular. Usage. Functionality. Applications. Performance. Windows CHKDSKMiscellaneous. How can I hotplug and automount NTFS devices? The NTFS hotplug and automount support is highly distribution specific regarding the used technologies and the preferred mount configuration. This is what should happen on a higher level: Detect storage hardware. Detect NTFS on the hardware. Start the NTFS- 3. G driver with the user and distribution preferred mount options. Mount the NTFS volume. The NTFS- 3. G file system developers are working only on item 4. This is a huge and very complex task itself. The distribution and other developers are working on item 1, 2, and 3, which solutions are vastly different depending on all kind of preferences. Solution: If you would like to have this feature in your distribution then please ask your distribution vendor or developers to support this feature. Workarounds: Either of the following could help. Creating a symbolic link, as shown below, is reported to solve automount on many distributions. If only some files are missing then please upgrade to at least NTFS- 3. G 2. 00. 9. 1. 1 which has full, built- in Unicode UTF- 8 conversion support. If you use Mac OS X or Free. BSD and have at least one very long filename with national characters and the filename length translates into more than 2. UTF- 8 bytes (higher chance with Korean and Greek languages) then Mac OS X and Free. BSD will not show any files in the directory. If you are double- booting with Windows 8, you may have enabled its fast restarting feature. This may cause Windows 8 to ignore changes done by another OS on any internal partition. A safe way to avoid loss of data is to disable the fast restarting by issuing as a Windows Administrator the command : powercfg /h off. If your computer has a SSD plugged in, it might be used by Windows as a cache controlled either by the hardware (“Intel Fast Response Technology”) or by software (“Expresscache”, “Ready. Cache”, etc.). This feature is generally not compatible with both Windows and Linux and you may have to disable it. What does the “I/O error” mean? The Input/Output errors mean unexpected, low- level errors. They are caused by hardware errors (disk, RAM, cable, power supply, motherboard, etc), device driver faults, corrupted file system, software fault or incorrect hardware use. The most typical reasons: Hardware or device driver faults. This is not always obvious immediately and the confirmation may require very good skills or special hardware testing utilities (memtest. Windows often tries to handle and correct some hardware faults silently without reporting them to the user but not all operating systems took the same approach, instead they log the unexpected errors in the /var/log directory, typically in the messages. Most common Linux error messages referring to hardware problems: sd 1: 0: 0: 0: SCSI error: return code = 0x. Typical error message in the logs are likesd 2: 0: 0: 0: . Sense: Logical unit not ready, initializing command required Please see this link for more information and solution. It’s said that the Linux kernel 2. It’s keep being reported that some external La. Cie drives have power supply problems, physical media damages (bad sectors) and sometimes the above Seagate Free. Agent problem. Lots of fatal hardware problems are being reported using Western Digital My. Book drives. You can read some of the stories here: . Most often they are caused by unexpected power outage, improperly detaching external storage devices, uncleanly shutting down the operating system, file system drivers, partitioners, security software, viruses, root kits and other malwares. If the problem is definitely not hardware related then run CHKDSK /f DRIVE: on Windows and if the I/O errors don’t go away and you’re using the latest NTFS- 3. G driver then please submit a bug report and provide us all the relevant system logs. Why are some filenames garbled? What does “Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character” mean? Please make sure your terminal, terminal emulator or file manager is Unicode capable and set it to UTF- 8 handling. Why do NTFS file system checks fail at boot time ? No open source NTFS checker is known to have been developed, so there is no point in requesting such a check. Until such a checker is available, do not enable the check at boot time and set the last (sixth) field of NTFS entries in /etc/fstab to zero. Use a proprietary checker, such as chkdsk on Windows, when a check or fix is wanted, typically after an unsafe unmount (power disruption, etc.). Can NTFS- 3. G corrupt the Master Boot Record (MBR) or the partition table? Both the MBR and the partition table are outside of the NTFS disk area. This means that those disk areas are not visible and not accessible to the driver. Moreover NTFS- 3. G doesn’t need either information to function. It doesn’t read, write or modify any of them. In fact, the operating system doesn’t even let NTFS- 3. G to access those disk areas. The MBR and the partition table are typically modified (corrupted) by boot managers, partitioners, security software, recovery software, viruses and other malwares, or some hardware fault. Why do I get “WARNING: Deficient Linux kernel detected”? The message means that you have an old and unsafe Linux kernel which is prone to data loss. Solution: Please ask your distribution developers to fix the Linux kernel problem. The Linux kernel must be upgraded either to at least version 2. FUSE kernel driver must be upgraded to a safe version which is also included in the FUSE package for Linux kernel version 2. Status: Not NTFS- 3. G problem. Why have chmod and chown no effect? By default files on NTFS are owned by root with full access to everyone. To get standard per- file protection you should mount with the “permissions” option. Moreover, if you want the permissions to be interoperable with a specific Windows configuration, you have to map the users. Why can’t unprivileged users mount block devices? Why do I get “fusermount: option blkdev is privileged” error? Unprivileged block device mounts work only if all the below requirements are met: ntfs- 3g is compiled with integrated FUSE supportthe ntfs- 3g binary is at least version 1. The root user can make an ntfs- 3g binary setuid- root as shown belowchown root $(which ntfs- 3g)chmod 4. In such case the driver will also be ableto fix common FUSE kernel module loading problemsto create the required but sometimes incorrectly removed or missing FUSE device file. Please note that using setuid- root can result unforeseen privilege escalation and its usage is discouraged. Only the absolutely trusted users must be granted such access. Below is an example how this can be done for users in the ntfsuser group to be able to mount any NTFS volume if they have also the needed volume access rights. This is a problem in the . While the NTFS- 3. G driver handles all of them, it always creates new files in the POSIX namespace for maximum portability and interoperability reasons. This means that filenames are case sensitive and all characters are allowed except . Doing so, all files will be shown with lower case letters in directory listings. In some situations, a directory busy error may occur, you can fix it on recent kernels by applying a patch to the fuse kernel module. Alternately, to get case insensitivity handling and/or restriction on special characters, you may export the NTFS volume via Samba which supports this functionality the same way as it does for other POSIX file systems. Another solution for case insensitivity support is using ciopfs which mounts a normal directory on a regular file system in case insensitive fashion. Status: Not NTFS- 3. G problem. Why do I get a “File exists” message when deleting an empty directory? If the locale environment is not setup correctly before mount then glibc can’t convert some filenames, so they are not visible and the directory is indeed not empty. Solution: Please see here. Status: Not NTFS- 3. G problem. Why do I get an “Operation not supported” message when creating a file? The latest driver has solved this issue, please upgrade. Why do I get an “Operation not supported” message when deleting a file? The latest driver has solved this issue, please upgrade. Why can’t I read or modify some files? NTFS supports built- in, transparent compression and encryption of files and directories on the file system level. Reading and writing transparently compressed files are fully supported, but reading or writing encrypted files are not supported at the moment. Please note that compressed files, like . Workaround: Decrypt the needed files on Windows. Why doesn’t file deletion free disk space? In most cases it does, except for the following scenarios: In some desktop configurations files are not deleted for real but moved into a . When these directories are emptied then the disk space is reclaimed. By design, Linux and Unixes free the disk space of the deleted files permanently only if no software keeps them open anymore. NTFS is able to store small files and directories in fixed size (1 k. B) MFT records (inodes). When such files are deleted then the MFT records are marked free for reuse or for undelete, and no space can be freed. Status: Not NTFS- 3. G problem. Why can’t I move files to trash? Moving a file to trash is only possible if the trash directory is owned by the current user. This implies that ownership of files has been enabled, either by forcing ownership to the current user or by using a generic ownership and permissions mode. Why is the modification time set to current time when I copy a file ? This generally happens when permission options are partially set and the uid of the current owner is not defined in the mount command. On Linux, only the owner is allowed to set the modification time of a file.
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Uh, Apple, Did You Think This Through? The crowd cheered in California on Monday, when Apple announced Home. Pod, a new smart speaker armed with Siri, the company’s virtual assistant. Minutes later, an image of the product appeared on Apple’s website and, well, holy shit, it looks just like HAL 9. Is Apple fucking with us? The resemblance is almost too uncanny. Of course, the new Home. Pod doesn’t normally look like an all- seeing eye of artificially intelligent doom. It normally looks like a very handsome speaker product, as it should. Still, the promo shot on the Apple Store website shows a bird’s eye view of the speaker which features the colorful Siri waveform in the center. Apple says this dynamic image “appears on the top to indicate when Siri is engaged” and the surface offers “integrated touch controls also allow easy navigation.” In other words, the glowing orb responds, when you’re talking to it, just like HAL 9. 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In order to determine which is the fixed currency when neither currency is on the above list (i. This reduces rounding issues and the need to use excessive numbers of decimal places. There are some exceptions to this rule: for example, the Japanese often quote their currency as the base to other currencies. It is the ratio of the number of units of a given country's currency necessary to buy a market basket of goods in the other country, after acquiring the other country's currency in the foreign exchange market, to the number of units of the given country's currency that would be necessary to buy that market basket directly in the given country. There are various ways to measure RER. For example, the purchasing power of the US dollar relative to that of the euro is the dollar price of a euro (dollars per euro) times the euro price of one unit of the market basket (euros/goods unit) divided by the dollar price of the market basket (dollars per goods unit), and hence is dimensionless. 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Finally, the authors find out that their suggested hybrid neural network is able to produce more accurate forecasts than the standard models and can be helpful in eliminating the risk of making the bad decision in decision- making process. Profits or losses accrue as the exchange rate of that currency fluctuates on the open market. It is extremely rare that individual traders actually see the foreign currency. Instead, they typically close out their buy or sell commitments and calculate net gains or losses based on price changes in that currency relative to the dollar over time. The participants include large banks, multinational corporations, governments, and speculators. Individual traders comprise a very small part of this market. Because of the volatility in the price of foreign currency, losses can accrue very rapidly, wiping out an investor’s down payment in short order. It has to pay suppliers in other countries with a currency different from its home country’s currency. 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Next using subtle linear and radial gradients along with some simple blending techniques, you will learn how to add shading and highlights for your ribbon. Finally using some simple Warp effects, we’ll add a little dynamism for the final ribbon. Tutorial Details. Program: Adobe Illustrator CS5. Difficulty: Beginner- Intermediate. Topics Covered: Basic Tools and Effects, Transform techniques and the Appearance panel. Estimated Completion Time: 4. Final Image. As always, this is the final image that we’ll be creating: Step 1. Hit Command + N to create a new document. Select Pixels from the Units drop- down menu, enter 6. Advanced button. Select RGB, Screen (7. Align New Objects to Pixel Grid box is unchecked before you click OK. Enable the Grid (View > Show Grid) and the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid). For starters you will need a grid every 5px, so simply go to Edit > Preferences > Guides > Grid, enter 5 in the Gridline every box and 1 in the Subdivisions box. You should also open the Info panel (Window > Info) for a live preview with the size and position of your shapes. Do not forget to set the unit of measurement to pixels from Edit > Preferences > Units > General. All these options will significantly increase your work speed. Step 2. Pick the Rectangle Tool (M) and focus on your Toolbar. Remove the color from the stroke then select the fill and set its color at R=2. G=2. 10 B=2. 10. Move to your Artboard and simply create a 2. The Snap to Grid should ease your work. Step 3. For the following steps you will need a grid every 2px, so go to Edit > Preferences > Guides & Grid and enter 2 in the Gridline every box. Focus on the right side of the existing rectangle. Make sure that the Rectangle Tool (M) is still active, set the fill color at R=1. G=1. 02 B=1. 02, create a 4 x 5. Switch to the Ellipse Tool (L), set the fill color at white, create an 8px circle and place it as shown in the second image. Set the fill color at black, make sure that the Ellipse Tool (L) is still active, create a second 8px circle and place it as shown in the third image. Step 4. Focus on the left side of the main, grey rectangle. Grab the Rectangle Tool (M), set the fill color at R=1. G=1. 02 B=1. 02, create a 4 x 5. Switch to the Ellipse Tool (L), set the fill color at white, create an 8px circle and place it as shown in the second image. Set the fill color at black, make sure that the Ellipse Tool (L) is still active, create a second 8px circle and place it as shown in the third image. Step 5. Select both white circles along with the three rectangles, open the Pathfinder panel (Window > Pathfinder) and click the Unite button. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected, send it to back (Shift + CTRL + . In the end, your blue shape should look like in the second image. Step 7. Focus on the right side of your blue shape and set the fill color at R=2. G=2. 10 B=2. 10. Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 1. Continue with the Rectangle Tool (M), create two, 4 x 5. For the next shapes, set the fill color white, switch to the Ellipse Tool (L), create two, 8px circles and place them as shown in the third image. Set the fill color at black, make sure that the Ellipse Tool (L) is still active, create another two, 8px circles and place them as shown in the fourth image. Step 8. Select both white circles along with the three, grey rectangles and click the Unite button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with R=2. G=1. 48 B=3. 0. Select this orange shape along with the black circles and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected and send it to back (Shift + CTRL + . Set the fill color at R=2. G=2. 10 B=2. 10, and using the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 2. Continue with the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 4 x 5. Set the fill color white, switch to the Ellipse Tool (L), create an 8px circle and place it as shown in the third image. Set the fill color at black, make sure that the Ellipse Tool (L) is still active, create a new 8px circle and a 1. Step 1. 0Select both grey rectangles along with the white circle and click the Unite button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with R=1. G=2. 04 B=5. 1. Select this green shape along with the black shapes and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected and send it to the back (Shift + CTRL + . Enter a 1px Offset and click OK. Focus on the bottom side of the resulting shape and switch to the Direct Selection Tool (A). Select the left anchor point (highlighted in the second image) and simply drag it several pixels down as shown in the third image. Select the green shape and make a copy in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F). Select this copy along with the other shape made in this step and click the Intersect button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with black, make sure that it stays selected and open the Transparency panel (Window > Transparency). Change the Blending Mode to Overlay and lower its Opacity to 2. Step 1. 2Reselect the black shape made in the previous step and go to Object > Path > Offset Path. Enter a 1px Offset and click OK. Select the green shape and make a copy in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F). Select this copy along with the other shape made in this step and click the Intersect button from the Pathfinder panel. Select the resulting shape and lower its Opacity to 2. Step 1. 3Reselect the black shape made in the previous step and go to Object > Path > Offset Path. Enter a 1px Offset and click OK. Select the green shape and make a copy in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F). Select this copy along with the other shape made in this step and click the Intersect button from the Pathfinder panel. Select the resulting shape and lower its Opacity to 1. Step 1. 4Select the green shape and open the Appearance panel. Select the existing fill and set the color at R=1. G=1. 84 B=3. 1. Make sure that your green shape stays selected, keep focusing on the Appearance panel and add a second fill using the Add New Fill button (pointed by the little, blue arrow in the following image). Select this new fill, open the Gradient panel (Window > Gradient) and simply click on the gradient thumbnail to add the default black to white linear gradient. Keep focusing on your Gradient panel and click the Reverse Gradient button. Get back to the Appearance panel, make sure that the second fill is still selected and change its Blending Mode to Soft Light. Step 1. 5Reselect the green shape along with the three, black shapes and Group them (CTRL + G). Make sure that this new group stays selected, send it to back (Shift + CTRL + . Check the “X” box, enter “1” in the copies box then focus on the Move section. Drag the Horizontal slider at –2. OK. In the end, things should look like in the second image. Step 1. 6Duplicate (CTRL+ C > CTRL + F) your blue and orange shapes. Make sure that both copies are selected and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Select the resulting shape and set the fill color at R=1. G=2. 04 B=5. 1. Step 1. Disable the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid) then go to Edit > Preferences > General and make sure that the Keyboard Increment is set at 1px. Reselect the tiny, green shape made in the previous step and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 1px up using the up arrow from your keyboard. Reselect both copies and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with white, lower its Opacity to 4. Blending Mode to Overlay. Step 1. 8Reselect that tiny, green shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 1px down using the down arrow from your keyboard. Reselect both copies and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with black, lower its Opacity to 2. Blending Mode to Overlay. Step 1. 9Reselect that tiny, green shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 2px down. Reselect both copies and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with black, lower its Opacity to 2. Blending Mode to Overlay. Step 2. 0Reselect that tiny, green shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 3px down. Reseelct both copies and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with black, lower its Opacity to 1. Blending Mode to Overlay. Step 2. 1Reselect the original tiny, green shape and simply hit the Delete key from your keyboard to remove it. Select the orange shape that’s now visible and focus on the Appearance panel. Select the existing fill and replace the existing color with R=1. G=1. 94 B=4. 1. Keep focusing on the Appearance panel and add a second fill using that same Add New Fill button. Select this new fill, change its Blending Mode to Soft Light and add the linear gradient shown in the following image. Keep in mind that the white number from the Gradient image stands for Location percentage. This means that you need to select that new gradient slider and enter “2. Location box. You can easily add a new gradient slider for your gradient by clicking on the gradient bar. Step 2. 2Reselect the green shape edited in the previous step along with the thin, white shape and the three, black shapes–then Group them (CTRL + G). Move to the Layers panel and simply drag this new group below your blue shape. How to Warp Text in Adobe Illustrator. |
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